Heart disease-cardiovascular, cancer and obesity are the main causes of death and there are direct relationship between the consumption of high-fat foods and the incidence of these diseases. Therefore the demand for low-fat food products and probiotics has been dramatically increased. In this study, the effect of different levels of three hydrocolloids (inulin, chitosan and xanthan) at three levels (1, 2 and 3%) on survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus, physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt during 15 days of storage was explored using a COMBINED design. Increased levels of inulin and chitosan positively affected La-5 count, apparent viscosity, acidity and sensory scores during storage. Using graphical method of optimizing (overlaid contour plots), optimum ratios were: inulin 93.4%, xanthan 0.6% and chitosan 6%.

Background: The most frequently used test for evaluation of fetal health is the Non STRESS Test (NST). Unfortunately it has a high incidence of false positive results. The combination of vibroacoustic stimulation with the NTS has been shown to reduce non reactive results.Methods: A tests assessment method was chosen with a simple randomized sampling. 40 pregnant women with non reactive NST in the first 20 minutes who received VAS in one of Tehran University's Hospitals were compared with BPP scores. A vibroacoustic stimulation was applied for a 3 seconds on the maternal abdomen and fallowed within 10 minutes. Data collection tools were NST, sonography instruments, NST result paper, tooth brusher, watch, demographic questioner and check list. Data analysis was made by descriptive static and by using the Fisher's Exact Test (with level of significant at p<0/05). All statistical analysis were performed using an spss/win.Results: After VAS, 70% of non reactive tracing became reactive. All cases with fetal reactivity response after a VAS had a subsequent BPP score of 8 (negative predictive value of 100%). False positivity of VAS was lower than NST.Conclusion: VAS offers benefits, by decreasing the incidence of non reactive test and reducing test time. VAS lowers the rate of false positive NST. VAS is safe and allows more efficient of prenatal services. This test could be used as a rapid antepartum test to predict fetal well-being.

Purpose: Application of heavy forces to maxillary dentition during treatment with headgear, induces high concentration of STRESSes in periodontal tissue. Quantification of this STRESS is of great concern in orthodontics. This study was designed to investigate the quantity and quality of STRESS response in the PDL of maxillary first molar which was subjected to high pull headgear traction using Finite Element method.Methods and Material: In an experimental study, a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition, consisting of 17096 elements and 23013 nodes, was developed based on a young human skull. The forces were applied to the maxillary first molar in the stabilized Arch by means of a rectangular full size arch wire in (022) slot bracket. Mechanical properties of this model were based on previous studies. A 350 gram force was used for high pull headgear to affect the dentition (+30 degree) and STRESS distribution was investigated in buccal, palatal, mesial and distal side and in cervical, middle, apical sections of the PDL. The quantity of STRESSes were expressed as principal STRESSes (1,2,3), while the negative and positive signs indicated compressive and tensile STRESSes.Results: The buccal surface of PDL of mesiobuccal root and the buccal, palatal and distal surface in cervical region of PDL of distobuccal root and the distal surface of the PDL of palatal root had received a great deal of STRESSes, in addition, the over all STRESS distribution in roots of molar had intrusive nature.Conclusion: The extension of high STRESS concentration areas observed after using high pull headgear is limited to some root surfaces specially the distobuccal root.

The purpose of this study was comparing the STRESS of breast cancer patients to that of healthy women. A sample of 65 breast cancer patients were selected from "Imam-Khomeini Cancer Institute" (from summer to autumn of 2008). They were chosen from the available patients who were diagnosed with cancer for less than two months. Variables such as marital status, economic status, age and education were taken into consideration in both the experimental and the control groups. Pickle's "life event" questionnaire (1971) was used to assess the STRESS in those groups. The data were analyzed using t-test. The results suggest that the STRESS in breast cancer patients is significantly higher than others. Moreover, women who bereaved the loss of a relative, had unwanted pregnancy or experienced divorce had more STRESS.

Background: Early diagnosis of congenital anomalies and termination at early pregnancy can prevent the birth of these children. The Step-wise sequential test has the most sensitivity in this regard; but because of the religious and legal rules in our country (the abortion must be done before 17 weeks of gestation or 19 weeks of LMP), it is better to use a test that is performed in first trimester and has high sensitivity rate; so the use of invasive procedures become less. We aimed to estimate the diagnosis value of COMBINED test (free beta-hCG, nuchal translucency, and pregnancy-associated protein A) for trisomy 21 and 18 screening.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 380 pregnant women with the age of more than 35 years referred to Beheshti and Alzahra clinics (Isfahan, Iran) at the 9-14 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Combines test analysis was done with Alpha software and the sample population was divided to highand low-risk portions for trisomy 21 and 18. The high risks went on amniocentesis and the other group followed after birth for detecting if there were any signs of syndromes manifestation.Findings: For trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome), the sensitivity of COMBINED test was 100%, and the specificity was 96.4%, with a false positive rate of 3.5%. For trisomy 18, it was 75% for the sensitivity and 100% for the specificity, with a false positive rate of 0%.Conclusion: Regarding to high sensitivity and specificity of the COMBINED test in our population compared to other societies, we can use this test with more confidence. So, diagnosing the maternal anomalies in early first trimester could be done and we could terminate pregnancies with proven trisomy 21 and 18 legally.